2nd Green Revolution - Part 13

Building Energy Efficient Homes on the Crow Reservation

As a follow up to last month’s post about BOULD, a Colorado-based social venture that is working to “end substandard housing through green building education,” comes another story from Boulder, Colorado about green homes for under-served populations. In this case, it is the University’s Sustainable Housing Project, which is part of the Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities. The project’s director, Tom Bowen, is working to “develop a construction organization that builds homes using compressed earth blocks made from clay found on the [Crow] reservation” in Montana. According to an interview with CU Connections, the University of Colorado system’s online newsletter, “Good Earth Lodges employs tribal members to manufacture the blocks and build the energy-efficient structures.”

Many of the homes on the reservation are substandard. Several consist of modular trailers that have little to no insulation. These structures are not only unhealthy for the inhabitants, but incur enormous utility costs. According to the story, temperatures can reach 45 degrees below zero (as a curious side note, -40 degrees Celsius is equal to -40 degrees Fahrenheit) during the winter, resulting in heating bills that approach $600 per month. Coupled with high unemployment and little prospect for steady work, utility costs are stifling. Good Earth Lodges is located on the reservation, uses local resources, and serves as an employer in the community while building structures that also drive down heating bills.

New Exhibit at MoMA Highlights Reimagined Suburbs

On Wednesday February 15th, a new exhibit will open at the Modern Museum of Art (MoMA) in Manhattan. Running through the end of July, this installation looks at how to reconstitute the suburbs in a more integrated fashion. In other words, scrap the current plan. Titled “Foreclosed: Rehousing the American Dream” the project “is an exploration of new architectural possibilities for cities and suburbs in the aftermath of the recent foreclosure crisis.”

This exhibit represents the work of architects, urban planners, ecologists, engineers, and landscape designers. In the first iteration of the suburbs, these five groups did not communicate, leading to the current situation. According to the MoMa, the collaborative effort is a response to The Buell Hypothesis, which “examines the cultural assumptions underlying the ‘American Dream’ in the context of the foreclosure crisis, suburban sprawl, and the architectural public sphere.”

Stroll through the suburbs (if there are sidewalks or anything is accessible by foot) and the uniformity, lack of retail space, and absence of food markets is readily apparent.

Intel (Again) Leads 2011 Green Power Purchasers List

The EPA announced its annual list of top green power purchasers last month (here is the list from 2010, also with Intel on top). This includes categories for businesses, schools, and government. On the business side Intel takes the top honors while Kohl’s Department Stores slides into the runner-up position. Making a huge jump in the rankings was Walmart, who moved from 15th place for green power purchases up to third, with 28% of its overall power coming from renewable sources. While only 4% of Walmart’s total electricity needs comes from on-site generation, 872,382,088 kilowatt-hours of Walmart’s electricity in its facilities now comes from either biogas, wind power, or solar power. It is also interesting to note that Walmart now has the second highest amount of on-site green power generation (measured in kWh), second only to Kimberly-Clark Corporation as per this list. This is the real holy grail; to have on-site green power based on whatever renewable energy makes most sense locally.

Back to the top 10 green power purchasers, here is the top 10 as calculated by the EPA. Parentheses contain percentage of overall power, and amount of green power used annually:

  1. Intel Corp (88%; 2,502,052,000 kWh)
  2. Kohl’s Department Stores (100%; 1,524,656,000 kWh)
  3. Walmart Stores/California and Texas Facilities (28%; 872,382,088 kWh)

The Legacy of Cheap Natural Gas

What will be the legacy of cheap natural gas? Until recently, natural gas in the United States was 3-4 times as expensive as it is today. With advances in technology, costs have dropped precipitously. Natural gas prices ended the other day at $2.32 per MMBtu. 18 months ago a MMBtu sold for $5.50 on the open market and in late 2005, early 2006, it was in the $15 range (6 times more than today’s price).

Benefits resulting from cheap natural gas abound. There has been a spike in manufacturing and construction in this country as a result of the lowered costs. Carbon dioxide emissions from natural gas are much lower than oil and coal, two of its competitors. U.S dependence on foreign oil dropped to its lowest point since the mid 1990s. In his most recent State of the Union, President Obama mentioned that his “administration will take every possible action to safely develop” natural gas as there are serious environmental debates about hydraulic fracturing (or fracking), the technology that has enabled access to previous remote stores. The president went on to state “I’m requiring all companies that drill for gas on public lands to disclose the chemicals they use. Because America will develop this resource without putting the health and safety of our citizens at risk.”

The health risk is an important one.

Book Review: Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England

I read Changes in the Land by William Cronon out of a requirement for a class but it is actually an interesting read.  The book tells the history of Native Americans and European Settlers: their relationship with each other, the land, and how they altered the landscape and ecosystems.  Cronon uses journals and documents from the 1600s and onwards.  Most of these sources were from the European point of view, but was still able to show how the land changed overtime.  Cronon breaks the book into three parts: Looking Backward, The Ecological Transformation of Colonial New England, and Harvests of Change.  The main portion of the book is in the Ecological Transformation section where he focuses on seasonality, agriculture, hunting, deforestation and urbanization (in a colonial sense).  Each of these topics he talks about how it was with the Native Americans, as best as he can from historical evidence, then how those traditions changed when Colonists arrived and took over the land.

An interesting part of this book is that it shows from the start of our nation, we were a society of consumption.   “New Englanders burned their wood in open fireplaces, which were four or five times less efficient than the closed cast-iron stoves of the Pennsylvania Germans.  European travelers were frequently astonished by American consumption of firewood” (p 120).  This of course is a reason for deforestation in the New England region.  The consumption also was shown in hunting practices, which resulted in local extinction of bears, foxes, wolves, beavers, and other large mammals.  Cronon argues that agriculture had the biggest impact on the land.  “The lumberer was not the chief agent in destroying New England’s forests; the farmer was.” (p 114)

Some of this may be old news, since the book was originally printed in 1983.  I still think it is worth a read.

Five Friday Facts: Affordable Green Housing

The following statistics come from EverBuildPro, a subsidiary of BOULD, a social enterprise that seeks “to end substandard housing through green building education.”

  • 46.9% of all CO2 emissions in the US came from the building industry in 2009 compared to 33.5% from transportation
  • 1.6 billion people live in substandard housing worldwide
  • 40% of raw materials consumed worldwide are used by the building industry
  • 38.9% of energy is consumed by buildings, with residential comprising 53.7% of that figure
  • $2000, average annual household energy bill

Image Source: Metropolitan Museum of Art

Department of Energy Announces 2013 Solar Decathlon Details

Last month the US Department of Energy (DOE) selected teams from 20 colleges and universities to take part in the 2013 Solar Decathlon at Orange County Great Park in Irvine, California. (A full list of schools can be seen below). The location for next year’s Decathlon marks a departure from previous ones which were held in Washington DC. Selected schools will build homes that are highly efficient in terms of energy use and incorporate solar power. According to the press release, over the next two years (the competition is biennial), the universities “will design, construct, and test their homes before reassembling them at the Solar Decathlon 2013 competition site.” These homes will be judged on criteria from 10 different categories and must “combine affordability, consumer appeal and design excellence.”

In the most recent rendition, the University of Maryland’s entry won the 2011 competition. Stephen Chu, the DOE’s director, is quoted in the release as saying that “we need to ensure that the next generation of America’s architects, engineers and entrepreneurs have the hands-on experience and training they need to lead our nation’s clean energy future.”

The Solar Decathlon provides students with the experience in green building, which is an important part of the exercise. This training and hands-on experience is key to supporting growth in sustainable housing.

The following teams have been selected from around the world to compete in Solar Decathlon 2013:

HMSHost Diverts Food Waste at Tampa International Airport

At nearly 14 percent, food waste in the U.S. now represents the single largest component in the municipal solid waste stream. In 2010, this amounted to 34 million tons of food, less than 3 percent of which was recovered or recycled. This staggering amount of food waste is driven not only by individual households, but also restaurants, including those which cater to travelers.

Over the past two years, HMSHost, a subsidiary of Autogrill, has been working with its vendors at Tampa International Airport to reduce the amount of food they discard. Over the past two years, more than 64 tons of day-old prepackaged food—including sandwiches, salads, fruits, cheeses and yogurt—have been donated instead of being thrown away. Feeding America picks up the food on weekdays and delivers it to after-school programs at the YMCA and local Boys and Girls Clubs. On weekends, Pinellas Hope serves the food to the homeless. In a January press release, HMSHost estimated the value of the unsold food to be roughly $12,000 per month.

More than just a great example of humanity and corporate citizenship, donating food, rather than throwing it away, is

Welcome to the Uniiverse

Evoking the memory of E.F. Schumacher, the German born economist who wrote Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, a new service by the name of Uniiverse has launched with the goal of serving as a platform for collaborative living. Schumacher’s vision of local economies moves one step further with Uniiverse, which “is an online marketplace for offline services and activities. It’s not a social network, but a platform that encourages trust, and face-to-face interactions.”

Uniiverse, which launched earlier this week, bills itself as the “first online platform to take an offline approach for its users.” The service works by its users offering services or activities for others, some for free and other for a fee. The takes a similar idea to that of Craigslist and classifieds and adds the human component. This marks yet another move in the direction of collaborative consumption, a trend that has gained quite a bit of traction lately.

A proliferation of sites offer “collaborative living”, as Uniiverse refers to it. Car and Bike sharing programs have become increasingly popular, especially in denser, urban areas where these modes of transportation supplement public transit and walking. Collaborative consumption helps reduce waste and over consumption, both of which benefit the environment and bottom line. Uniiverse goes one step further by encouraging face-to-face interactions, moving closer to the triple bottom line, or “People, Planet, Profit.”

BHT: The Secret in Your Cereal

I was browsing the cereal aisle recently and looking at a non-organic cereal (bad I know).  While scanning the ingredient list (something you must always do!) I noticed an ingredient I had not heard of- BHT.  I was really curious what it was so I decided to do some research.

What is BHT?

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a  phenolic compound that is often added to foods to preserve fats, it is also commonly added to cosmetics.  BHT is also known as a stabilizer in pesticides, gasoline, lubricants, and soaps.

My first reaction to reading this definition was- do cereals really have that much fat in them that they need a preservative for them?  Last I checked generally cereals were just high in sugar not fat, so I am a little confused on why this is being added to cereals.  Also, why are we eating a man-made product that is commonly put into cosmetics?  That sounds like a terrible idea to me.  It is also listed as one of the 12 food additives to avoid.

After reading more about BHT I got even more concerned.

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