2nd Green Revolution - Part 10

What Is Your Country’s Climate Change Policy?

As a follow up to the 2-part series from NPR (covered here recently on 2nd Green Revolution) comes this post about various countries’ climate policy. With the end of the United Nations’ most recent conference on climate change in Durban, South Africa, NPR had a valuable synopsis of what many of the largest emitters of greenhouses are doing to reduce their emissions over the coming decades.

One of the biggest challenges to a unified approaches revolves around how to reconcile industrialized countries with those that are still developing.

Included in the story are the following nations as well as the European Union, along with a brief note about their plans. All data comes from the NPR report:

Pollution in Beijing Reaches “Beyond Index” Levels

Being the world’s factory and having a population of 1 billion people rushing to own cars and consume has led to rising living standards for Chinese citizens. Rising living standards are now being put at risk by those exact increased living standards as pollution overwhelms big cities in China and starts adversely affecting people’s health.

The U.S. Embassy pollution monitor in Beijing – widely considered the most reliable measure of the cities pollution – was “beyond index” a week ago (picture of Twitter feed below). That’s right, the 522 micrograms of particulate pollutants (PM) per cubic meter of air that were registered were literally off the chart. The World Health Organization‘s (WHO) air quality guidelines for PM is 20 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3) as an annual average. Granted, the 522 in Beijing was during one hour in one day but it is still unsettling. Other WHO data shows that average PM in some cities has reached up to 300 µg/m3.

Take a look the U.S. Embassy in Beijing’s Twitter feed for the latest measurements and you’ll see a string of “unhealthy,” “hazardous,” and “very unhealthy” readings over the last several weeks. 

Sustainable Chocolate

The holiday season is a great time to give chocolate as a gift, especially when you don’t know what else to give.  But what is that box of chocolate actually representing?

Chocolate come from cacao trees- specifically cacao beans, which typically grow in tropical regions.  “About 70% of the world’s cacao is grown in [West]Africa,” according to Facts-About-Chocolate.com.  This means most of our chocolate is shipped half way around the world to end up in America.  This leads to transportation costs and green house gas emissions.  Then add in production of the beans, sugar, milk, wrappers, and transporting the final products all across the U.S.  All these little steps can add up to massive impacts.  Especially when chocolate production and consumption is constantly growing.  Demands for cacao have been increasing 3% for the last 100 years.  As for the U.S. we are a big factor in the increasing demand.  In 2001 we consumed over 3.1 billion pounds of chocolate, which was half of the world’s total chocolate production for the year.

To make sure your chocolate is  more sustainable, follow these guidelines:

NPR 2-Part Series on California Cap and Trade Legislation

Media coverage of COP17, the latest United Nations climate conference in Durban, South Africa that wrapped up on Friday, was sparse in the United States. With no national legislation in this country to address limits on greenhouse emissions, the state of California has taken some steps ahead of the federal government. Last week, NPR aired a two-part series looking at the effect of emission caps on the economy in California. Here is a brief wrap-up of the stories.

Tuesday’s story began with an overview of California’s attempt to limit greenhouse gases. For more on California’s Cap and Trade legislation, see our earlier article on the law. According to NPR’s report, “Paying a price for emissions has many Californians worried about what they’ll have to pay for electricity and fuel and everything that takes energy to make. But the state’s argument is that this will be good for the economy.” This viewpoint coincides with this op-ed from last Sunday.

Wednesday’s story looked at “Carbon Ranching.” The idea is to

Legacy

A few weeks ago I finished Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs. Overall, I thought it was a well-written and honest account of the man and his life. There was plenty in the book that Steve Jobs would not like to read but to sugar coat or gloss-over the way Jobs was would be disingenuous. It would create a false representation of what it was about his personality that enabled him to take Apple from his parents’ California garage and turn it into one of the most valuable companies on the planet. In all honesty, he was often a real ass and would cut down people mercilessly, but the abuse often led to better results, better products, and people working together to do things they thought they could not do. It wasn’t always necessary to be so mean but that’s just the way he was. In the end, however, the good and bad aspects of his personality and management style were focused on one main goal: to create a company that would thrive and innovate a generation or two after he was gone. Isaacson quotes a long passage from Jobs near the end of the book, in the chapter called Legacy.

I hate it when people call themselves ‘entrepreneurs’ when what they’re really trying to do is launch a startup and then sell or go public, so they can cash in and move on. They’re unwilling to do the work it takes to build a real company, which is the hardest work in business. That’s how you really make a contribution and add to the legacy of those who went before. You build a company that will stand for something a generation or two from now. That’s what Walt Disney did, and Hewlett and Packard, and the people who built Intel. They created a company to last, not just to make money.”

It became apparent to me that his point about creating value and creating a company for the ages is akin to the larger sustainability movement, and about how we have to create a society for the ages.

With the advances in IT and other technologies, we are truly one world now. With some imagination, you can think of global society as a 7 billion person company with each country a division – led by a president or a “CEO” – a part of the whole. You can stretch the metaphor further but indulge me on this overall proposition for a moment. All of us are workers in that company. We get hired and are fired and live a life of demotions and promotions as we figure out what it is we are actually doing and/or supposed to be doing while we are here on earth. Some of us excel more than others. Some of us change jobs or switch divisions but we all remain in the same company. The contributions that we make are often lost within the sheer size of the enterprise, but they have – even in their smallest degrees – an effect on the business of human society. Collectively, we try to make the world function better. We create time saving inventions and disease eradicating vaccines. We try new forms of government and refine the ones we already have. We try to push the human race forward; to improve, to progress. Sometimes we don’t do so well. We fight wars and act out all forms of destructive behavior. Rogue employees try to overthrow the board, sometimes succeeding. Bad leaders have pushed the world near bankruptcy (sticking with the metaphor of global society as a company) both literally and figuratively numerous times; right to the edge. But so far, the human enterprise has come roaring back. A bad leader or system is thrown out when the “stockholders” revolt.

Global society adapts to changing conditions in order to sustain itself; in order to survive. But for it to truly live on, it must become sustainable. The human experiment must not just be about hedonism or wealth, mastery over nature or disregard for all that has come before us or, indeed, disregard for all that will come after. Nor should we disregard or abuse all the plentiful resources around us which we use to live, prosper, and invent. Rather, it’s about creating something that will last for generations after we are gone. It’s not easy. It means we have to stop living how we’ve been living. It means

Adult Audiences + Environmental Books = Opportunities for Environmental Education

By Amy Markle

Reaching adult audiences with environmental education is one of my favorite challenges as a Naturalist at Wood Lake Nature Center. Adults are often a fickle audience who are pulled in many directions, so wrangling them in for an environmental education program can be tough but not impossible. Seven years ago I created an environmental book club and after reading over 60 books it is still going strong! Each month a group of adults get together for an engaging discussion that focuses on environmental issues, nature, and outdoor adventures.

The book club model has worked because it provides an opportunity for adults to use critical thinking skills in discussing what are often complex and timely environmental issues. Frequently, presentations, guest speakers, videos, and photos enhance our discussions. Participants also have the opportunity to share their opinions, stories, and questions. The book club model has also allowed for a wide variety of issues to be explored.

Communication with participants is done through a monthly email. All books are available through the library and are regularly suggested by the group. We have read many of the classics as well as recently published books to better understand where we have been and where we are going in understanding the natural world around us.

The following are our most recent reads:

Five Friday Facts: Winter Tips

A few years ago we had a Five Friday Facts – Christmas Edition and a post on real vs. fake holiday symbols. Today’s Five Friday Facts are less holiday centric, but they all come from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Winter Tips.

  • Approximately 33 million live Christmas trees are sold in North America every year.
  • In 2011, Americans using products with the Design for the Environment (DfE) label cut the use of harmful chemicals by more than 756 million pounds.
  • A typical household spends about $1,900 a year on energy bills and contributes twice the amount of greenhouse gases to the environment as an average car.
  • Heating accounts for 34% of all annual utility usage and is part of what makes an average home twice the emitter of carbon dioxide emissions as a vehicle.
  • If every American household reduced their water use by 10 gallons on just Thanksgiving Day, it would save more than 1 billion gallons of water, as well as save any energy or materials used to pump or treat tap water.

Image source: Metropolitan Museum of Art

What is the Difference Between a Kilowatt and Kilowatt-hour Anyway?

I wish I knew. The energy economy can be confusing, especially for consumers. I, for example, still have no frame of reference for watts and kilowatts. If I’m told a plant produces X kilowatts of electricity or a solar panel produces Y amount of energy that doesn’t really mean much to me. I have no frame of reference. I know I am not alone in this. Say “60 watt bulb” and an image pops up in my mind. I know what 60 watts “looks like” and what it can power, but trying to envision the electricity needed to light the bulb is tough. Say gallon and an milk jug pops up as an image in my mind. Say 880 watts and nothing pops up (even if doing the math yields 14 and a half 60 watt bulbs). This is all part of the disconnect between us and understanding our energy use.

What about electric bills and kilowatts (kW) versus kilowatt-hours (kWH)? Here is a site that may help give us a frame of reference. Energy consumption is measured in kilowatt-hours and is the amount of watts multiplied by the total number of hours used. So a 100 watt bulb burning in your lamp for 10 hours consumes 1,000 watt-hours  of energy (100×10=1,000). 1,000 watt-hours is the same as 1 kilowatt-hour. The graphic below helps bring it all together. That same bulb is also demanding 100 watts of electricity from the grid the entire time it is on. The power plant therefore has to have 100 watts, or 0.1kW ready for whenever that light gets turned on.

So I guess that explains it, but it’s still not intuitive. It’s still like hearing temperatures in Celsius or distances in kilometers for Americans. It just doesn’t quite compute (getting better, now that I’m in Japan, however). Perhaps it is just repetition that breeds familiarity and if we get used to learning about and hearing about energy, it will sink in. 

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